What is the meaning of adoption in Christian doctrine?

In Christian doctrine, adoption refers to the gracious act by which God brings believers into His family, granting them the status of His children. This concept is rooted in the New Testament, particularly in passages like Romans 8:15 and Galatians 4:4-7, which emphasize that through faith in Jesus Christ, individuals are not only forgiven and redeemed but also welcomed into a new familial relationship with God. This act of divine adoption signifies both intimacy and belonging, as believers are now recognized as heirs in God's kingdom.

While the other options touch on related themes—like legal status and spiritual rebirth—they do not fully encapsulate the richness of the concept of adoption. Adoption is fundamentally about the relational aspect of believers becoming part of God's family, highlighting His grace and love, rather than just a legal or procedural status. Thus, the correct choice underscores the profound transformation and identity shift experienced by believers as they enter into this loving relationship with God.