In the understanding of salvation, what does the term "justification" mean?

Justification is a central concept in Christian theology, particularly regarding salvation. It refers specifically to the act of God declaring a person righteous based on faith. This declaration is grounded in the belief that through faith in Jesus Christ, individuals are absolved of their sins and accepted by God as if they had never sinned. This is not a result of any merit or works on the person's part but is rather a gift from God, highlighting the importance of faith in the process of salvation.

In contrast, the other options describe different aspects of the broader salvation experience. Being made holy before God relates more to sanctification, the process by which a believer grows in holiness and becomes more like Christ. The process of becoming righteous can imply a progression that may include works or personal efforts, which is distinct from the instantaneous act of justification. Receiving eternal life speaks to the ultimate outcome of salvation, but it does not define the judicial act of being declared righteous before God that justification entails. Therefore, the correct understanding of justification aligns with being declared righteous by faith.