How are ruling and teaching elders alike?

Ruling and teaching elders share a similar level of authority within the church governance structure, particularly in Presbyterian and Reformed traditions. Both groups are considered to have been ordained and are thus entrusted with spiritual leadership and decision-making roles. They participate in the life of the church, guiding congregational members in various capacities and carrying out the mission of the church.

While they may have distinct roles—teaching elders primarily focusing on the ministry of the word and sacraments, and ruling elders emphasizing governance and administrative tasks—their authority comes from the same ordination process and they are equals in the church's structure of leadership. This equality in authority allows for collaborative decision-making, which fosters harmony between different forms of leadership within the congregation.

The other options suggest distinctions in authority or eligibility, which do not capture the essence of how ruling and teaching elders function together. They may have different responsibilities and functions, but their shared authority ensures a unified approach to the church's leadership.